Thursday, December 13, 2012

Notes from PSSUG: SQL Server on Windows Azure and Visual Studio Debugging & Source Control


This blog entry consists of my notes and thoughts from the PSSUG meeting at Microsoft's offices in Malvern on 2012/12/12. Any misunderstandings are mine. The evening was broken up into three parts.

First, Kevin Howell presented "Visual Studio 2012: A Complete IDE (Debugging and Source Control". He covered some of the enhancements since Visual Studio 2010. He did a quick demo of server-side debugging of a stored procedure, and pointed out a few configuration changes that you must make to your solution before you can use this feature.
Kevin particularly likes the schema comparison feature, now part of SQL Server Data Tools, which I think debuted back in Visual Studio 2008 or 2005 as an add-on/down-loadable thing. He points out that you need to be using the Premium or Ultimate editions of Visual Studio 2012 to use schema comparison feature. The comparison feature does seem greatly improved, even over Visual Studio 2010 and is light years beyond what was available five years ago. To me, the VS interface still looks very busy, and it seems hard to know where to look for particular things.
The solution/localdb duality also seems a little confusing. I presume that a developer can make changes to the solution without updating the database running on localdb. When you then compare the localdb database to the "production" database running on a server somewhere, you will not see those changes. Microsoft does not seem to believe in shared database development environments.

One of the things that Kevin did was use the "Clean" menu pick before a "Build". I'd never noticed Clean before, even though I've used SSDT's predecessors to reverse engineer scores of databases. If you are having trouble with odd build errors, you might want to give Clean a try.

With the new Visual Studio comes a new version of TFS. (I keep meaning to switch from subversion to git.) It seems that you need to be running SQL Server 2008 R2 to host TFS 2012 and that you need to have Full Text Search (FTS) installed. (You need FTS to use TFS. Is there no coordination between acronym teams at Microsoft?)
Second, there was some time spent on PSSUG business.
  • The election of board members was completed.
  • Upcoming PSSUG and PASS events were detailed. Most importantly, as far as I am concerned, SQL Saturday #200 will be held in June, 2013. There is some talk of having more sessions than last year and perhaps some sessions that could be longer and more detailed than the one hour sessions that have been the rule in the past. In any event, it should be a great day as many people will have much practical experience with SQL Server 2012 by then. IIRC, the last SQL Saturday held here filled up a month or more in advance. You can register now.
  • The Microsoft Technology Center (MTC) in Philly has created a web site to provide MTC news and videos shot during PSSUG presentations. (Microsoft's offices are really in Malvern, but I'll let that slide.)
  • This might only be news to me, but SQL PASS will be held in Charlotte next year. Perhaps I can scare up the budget for Charlotte, it might even be within driving distance of Ashdar World Headquarters here in Downingtown. Seattle is awesome but it's a big drain for a small business.

Third, Rodger Doherty of Microsoft presented on "SQL Server on a Windows Azure Virtual Machine". He points out that SQL Server 2008, SQL Server 2008 R2 and SQL Server 2012 are supported. Since we are dealing with Virtual Machines (IaaS) and not SQL Azure's (PaaS), I would guess that older versions of SQL Server would run. However, if you have functionality or performance problems you should not expect to get help from Microsoft.

While Windows Azure provides some redundancy due to the way data disks are implemented, it does not provide a complete High Availability (HA) solution by itself. For true HA, you must use features provided by SQL Server. There is no support for Windows Failover Clusters, but database mirroring and AlwaysOn are supported. (The one quirk is that AlwaysOn listeners are not supported "yet". This might be a networking/VPN problem than a SQL Server problem.) The biggest HA hurdle to get over is latency, especially if you want to be in more than one region.
I'm 95% sure that log shipping still works, too. Microsoft doesn't seem to talk about log shipping very much anymore, but it occupies a warm spot in my heart. Log shipping is so non-fancy that I think it would be hard to break. If Microsoft's version has a problem, you can always write your own log shipping implementation in a day if you need to.

Licensing, as always, demands some attention. Right now, you have two options. There is "pay by the hour" licensing, in which you select from a gallery of images. This works pretty much like AWS. These images are sysprepped, apparently just like you would prepare them for a local, multiple-install scenario. It's important to realize that, once set loose, the image will first go through the usual steps of a sysprepped image and may reboot several times before the VM is ready for use. This process could take as long as 10 or 15 minutes but it is still much faster than going through a requisition process for a new local physical server.

If you are on Software Assurance, you can opt for "bring your own" licensing. This means that you could possibly do a p2v of a machine, copy the VHD to Azure and start running it on Microsoft's equipment.

The big part that seems to be missing is something like AWS's "reserved instances", where you can get a discount from the hourly rate if you commit to a longer period of time. There doesn't seem to be support for MSDN license holders yet and TechNet members are definitely shut out, though I do see references to "free" account offers floating around every few months. With AWS giving away small VM instances and a price war looming or already in effect, it would be great for Microsoft to follow suit.

As far as running SQL inside of Windows Azure, one should not expect high-performing I/O. You should expect more latency to the disks than you would get in a local set up. It seems that performance is more in line with consumer-grade SATA drives than 15 KRPM SAS drives or SSD. While there is an option to enable write-caching on drives that you put SQL Server data on, you shouldn't do that. It can lead to corrupted databases. If you need speed, you should probably work to ensure that the memory allocation for the VM can hold the entire database.

Each VM has a "D:", which is a non-persistent drive that is intended for data that does not have to survive a reboot. You should consider putting tempdb on these D: disks. If you put tempdb on the "C:", it will count against your storage and you will pay for it. Since the "D:" comes up with nothing on it (not even directories), you need to do a little work to create the directory path and relevant ACLs before SQL Server starts and tries to build the tempdb database somewhere.

Rodger kept using the word "blade". This might be a colloquialism or it might mean that Windows Azure is actually running on blade servers. If so, this just underlines the fact that these systems are not meant for high-performance, bleeding-edge databases. During the Q&A session, he cautioned against moving very large data warehouse implementations to Windows Azure, though smaller data warehouse implementations may be fine.
Pricing is by "VM size". You have a small number of choices. This is similar to the way that AWS started. AWS has added options as time has gone on and demand has picked up. There is no customization of one of these sizes. You can't say "I want lots of cores and RAM, but not so much disk space".
Page compression is supported in Windows Azure VMs. You do still need to be running Enterprise Edition SQL Server, however. The CPU performance penalty seems to be something on the order of 5%. YMMV.

Rodger stressed that these servers are on the open Internet and that you should be careful about opening firewall ports and choosing passwords. If you are running SQL Server on the default port (1433), your SA account will get probed. It is suggested to use port mapping and unusual ports for common services like RDP or SQL Server. If you can avoid opening those ports to the world, that would be better. There is a VPN available, but it is only compatible with certain hardware VPN devices at this time. Such devices aren't necessarily expensive, costing perhaps a few hundred dollars US, but they would tie your access down to one physical location and that might not be easily workable if you have several remote DBAs or are a traveling demo person.
In any case, I would advocate (re-)reading any SQL Server security best practices document that you can find before you start creating servers.

Another caution is that this new virtualization environment isn't officially released yet. That means that Microsoft may reset the environment in some way, nuking your stuff. Unless you can tolerate a couple of days of downtime while you rebuild everything, putting production systems up on Windows Azure right now isn't a great idea. After Microsoft officially opens Windows Azure for business, they are aiming for 99.5% uptime for non-HA systems and 99.95% uptime for systems that use some sort of HA technology.
An Active Directory server should use the smallest instance, as AD simply doesn't need many resources. You can extend your existing AD infrastructure into Microsoft's cloud.
There is a cost reporting scheme. It doesn't seem to be as flexible as what AWS provides, but it may be simpler and allow you to jump into IaaS more quickly.
There is an Early Adoption Cook Book with much useful advice.
Performance troubleshooting of systems may be difficult since there is no access into performance counters from the "host" of the VM.
To sum up my impressions, Windows Azure looks like it could easily grow into a AWS competitor. They will need to make many improvements before they are a match for AWS. To me, the two most immediate needs are a larger variety of instances (with respect to cores, sizing, bandwidth, etc) and some sort of reserved instance pricing. Microsoft has deep pockets and can ramp things up over a period of months or years, just like they have been fighting VMWare with Hyper-V. I would only use Windows Azure for development or test systems first and I would start with systems that require less performance.
That should be the last PSSUG meeting for 2012. See you next year.

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